The Warsan
Analysis

Why the UAE needs to scupper a Saudi deal with Qatar

 

Abu Dhabi’s Mohammed bin Zayed needs conflict to wield influence and without Mohammed bin Salman, he will be a diminished force
Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman (L) meeting with Abu Dhabi’s crown prince on 22 November 2018 (AFP)

Two years ago, bloodcurdling threats were made by Saudi and Emirati state-controlled goons about what they would do to Qatar if it did not roll over like Bahrain and become a satellite of their bigger, stronger and wiser neighbours.

They were going to dig a canal along Qatar’s land border and dump nuclear waste in it. They were going to do to the emir of Qatar what they did to Egypt’s President Mohamed Morsi who was ousted in a military coup. They were going to turn Doha into another Rabaa Square where 817 Egyptians were massacred.

A local hero

Physical threats were accompanied by diplomatic ones. In Washington, former administration officials were conscripted to threaten the Gulf peninsula with the withdrawal of the US airforce base at Al Udeid.

 The overt threats to Qatar’s national sovereignty turned the emir into an unlikely local hero

One such was Robert Gates, who, as a former defence secretary, might have expected to have had some knowledge of the US base in Qatar which serves as a regional hub for US Central Command (Centcom). “MBZ sends his best from Abu Dhabi,” the UAE ambassador to Washington, Yousef Otaiba, emailed Gates.

“He says ‘give them hell tomorrow’.”

The following morning Gates told the right-wing Foundation for Defense of Democracies: “The United States military doesn’t have any irreplaceable facility. Tell Qatar to choose sides or we will change the nature of the relationship to include downscaling the base.”

Qatar did not blink. The overt threats to its national sovereignty turned the emir into an unlikely local hero.

Two years later

Two years into the blockade, Qatar’s economy is stronger; it produces more of its own foodstuffs; it has more friends in Washington – as a result of spending a lot of money there – and Al Udeid is even bigger than it was. Al Jazeera continues to broadcast, recently centring a month of programming around the anniversary of the murder of the Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi.

Recently, however, the tone of the tweets sent by Mohammed bin Zayed’s and Mohammed bin Salman’s paid media lackeys has changed. The cue for a change of tone was the decision of the Saudi, Bahraini and Emirati football teams to take

This prompted licensed tweeters to speculate that an end to the blockade was in sight.

“It is no exaggeration to say that there is an intention and a sincere desire to turn the page in the Gulf dispute. The boycott, which is the sovereign right to express dissatisfaction with Qatar’s inflammatory approach, served its purpose,” wrote Abdulkhaleq Abdulla. “I promise you important developments to resolve the Gulf dispute sooner than you expect.”

Or try this backhanded compliment from someone who is no stranger to doing what he is describing.

“One of the windfalls of the crisis with Qatar for some is that while all parties tried to somehow recruit foreign voices as advocates I believe Qatar has spent the most + been remarkably successful in suddenly turning a large number of ‘academics and journalists’ into advocates,” wrote Ali Shihabi.

Change of heart?

What prompted this change of tone and would it really mean a kiss and make up at the meeting of the Gulf Cooperation Council in Riyadh next month?

So far, the Qataris have rejected  all demands and the Saudis are – again one has to add so far, engaging on that basis

One possibility which cannot be discounted is that Doha is indeed about to roll over and accept some of the 13 demands made of it two years ago.

These ranged from severing ties with Iran and the Muslim Brotherhood, to handing over “terrorist figures”, shutting down Al Jazeera and “aligning Qatar’s military, political and economic policies” with other Gulf states by which they meant Saudi Arabia.

This, Saudi sources tell me, is not happening. So far, the Qataris have rejected all demands and the Saudis are – again one has to add so far – engaging on that basis. Qatar is not driving this process. Saudi Arabia is.

Painting depicting Qatar’s Emir Tamim Bin Hamad al-Thani splashed on bus in Doha (Reuters)
Painting depicting Qatar’s Emir Tamim Bin Hamad al-Thani splashed on bus in Doha (Reuters)

But why? The blockade has failed to bring a state with an independent foreign policy to heal. The policy of attempting to isolate Qatar has obviously gone wrong. What incentive does Mohammed bin Salman have to end it? To answer that question, we have to look at all the other things that have not worked out for the crown prince.

The Aramco disaster

The most recent disaster is Saudi Aramco. Plans to raise $100bn on a five per cent share sale, opening the Saudi market to foreign investors, have been around for over three years.

They came crashing down on Sunday morning. Having failed repeatedly to get $2 trillion valuation he was depending on (the latest consensus was that Aramco was worth between $1.1tn and $1.5tn), the Saudi crown prince ditched the sale of shares on international money markets and announced the sale of 1.5 per cent on a valuation of $1.6-1.7 trillion which would only raise $25.6bn.

Attempting to solve the dispute with Qatar is part of a strategy to rethink where and how all MBS’ foreign policy initiatives have gone wrong

Most of this would now be raised locally – presumably by going back to the businessmen whom Mohammed bin Salman had locked up and tortured in the Ritz Charlton in November 2017 and forcing them to buy these shares.

Saudi Arabia’s more aggressive foreign policy is not doing much better, either. The kingdom now has a growing list of estranged Arab allies – Jordan, Oman, Iraq. Even Egypt cannot be counted on, and Saudi Arabia has stopped giving it free oil.

Its chief regional enemy Iran is, by contrast, empowered.

Its drones and cruise missiles knocked Mohammed bin Salman’s confidence when they slammed into Aramco’s two biggest oil facilities, halving production in an instant.

The attack shook the crown prince, one informed source told me. “He could not have imagined that the Iranians would dare to do this to him. But even worse, he could not have imagined that the Americans would look the other way and do nothing. America have waged wars for less, so how could it have ignored the attacks in this way? Bin Salman now feels vulnerable,” the source said.

The missile attacks cut Saudi oil production by about 5.7 million barrels per day (Reuters)

Since the attack, the Saudi crown prince has been speaking to regional leaders, including the Iraqi Prime Minister Adel Abdul Mahdi. They all told him that his problems are his own fault. The Saudi crown prince does not need to speak to Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan to know how much damage the Khashoggi murder – which is still not resolved –  has done to the future king’s image in the world.

A new strategy

So attempting to solve the dispute with Qatar is part of a strategy to rethink where and how all his foreign policy initiatives have gone wrong. He also needs the money. Qatar is rich and in surplus. All Gulf disputes end one way or another by a ransom of some sort.

All Gulf disputes end one way or another by a ransom of some sort

Another reason for wishing an end to the dispute with Qatar is Israel. A Camp David style stunt in which the leading Gulf states declare they are normalising relations with Israel has been rumoured for some time.

Mohammed Bin Salman has allowed an increasing number of commentators to defend Israel publicly, even during the last attack on Gaza.

If this was to go ahead, the Saudi crown prince needs Qatar to neutralise the negative media that could be created as a result. He will need Qatar to muffle the voice of Palestinians in particular and the Arab street in general.

A bad precedent

There is a precedent for the peace talks currently taking place. Donald Trump initiated a telephone call between the Emir of Qatar Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani and the Saudi crown prince in September 2017. The initiative lasted 24 hours before Saudi Arabia accused Qatar of not being serious about dialogue and suspended communications between the two sides.

 US President Donald Trump, Saudi Arabia's King, Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi and Qatr Emir pose for a group photo during the Arab Islamic American Summit at  on 21 May, 2017 (AFP)
US President Donald Trump, Saudi Arabia’s king, crown prince of Abu Dhabi and Qatar emir pose for a group photo during the Arab Islamic American Summit at on 21 May, 2017 (AFP)

The man who persuaded Mohammed bin Salman to call a halt to this was Mohammed bin Zayed, crown prince of Abu Dhabi. Sources say he could very well do the same again.

Note how next month’s GCC meeting has been moved from Abu Dhabi to Riyadh

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